Input point map:

Select an input point map. Open the list box and select the desired input map, or drag a point map directly from the Catalog into this box. You can select a point map with a value domain, but you may also use a point map with a ID domain which has a linked attribute table, then select an attribute column with a value domain from the attribute table.

Limitation: To increase calculation speed when using the dialog box, you are not allowed:

• for Simple Kriging, to use an input point which contains more than 100 valid input points;
• for Ordinary Kriging, to use more than 100 point values within the limiting distance (see 'Max nr of points' below).

These limitations are not present on the command line.

Semi-variogram Model:

Select the model which should be used to calculate the semi-variogram function g (h). The available models are: Spherical, Exponential, Gaussian, Wave, Rational Quadratic, Circular, and Power. The model/function as well as the variables nugget, sill and range can be found by modelling the semi-variogram which is the output of the Spatial correlation operation. For more information, see Spatial correlation : functionality section on semi-variograms, or Graph window : Add Graph Semi-variogram (dialog box).

Nugget:

When you found a nugget effect, specify the value. A nugget effect is the vertical jump from value 0 at the origin to the semi-variogram value g at extremely small separation distances. You are specifying parameter 'C0' for the selected model.

Sill:

Type a value for the sill; the sill is the plateau that the semi-variogram values g reach at the range. You are specifying parameter 'C0 + C' for the selected model.

Range:

Type a value for the range; the range is the distance at which the semi-variogram values do not increase anymore and reach a plateau. You are specifying parameter 'a' for the selected model (real value > 0).

Slope:

For the Power model only: type a value for the 'slope', i.e. specify parameter 'k' for this model. When you use the Power model with a power exponent of 1, the model becomes linear (a straight sloping line), then, this 'slope' parameter equals the direction coefficient (Dg/Dh) of the line.

Power:

For the Power model only: type a real value for the power exponent, i.e. specify parameter �m� for this model. The power function is meaningful if 0 < power exponent < 2. When value 1 is used, the Power model becomes linear and the slope will be constant. If the power exponent is 2 the assumed stochastic model (�randomness�) is not always justifiable and the interpolation can become pathological.

Methods:

In general, points close to an output pixel will obtain a larger weight value than points which are farther away.

Simple Kriging:

The Simple Kriging method assigns weights to all points of the input map; for the estimation of each output pixel value, all input point values will be used.

Ordinary Kriging:

The Ordinary Kriging method uses for the estimation of each output pixel value only the values of points that are within the user-specified limiting distance towards a pixel. This gives the estimation method a more local character.

Limiting distance:

For Ordinary Kriging only: type a value for the limiting distance also called search radius or limiting circle. Points that are farther away from an output pixel than the limiting distance will not be used in the calculation of the value for that output pixel. The limiting distance is usually smaller than the range of your semi-variogram. (0 < limiting distance < diagonal of point map).

Min nr of points:

For Ordinary Kriging only: type a value for the minimum number of points that should be used by the calculation within each limiting distance (search radius). This is necessary to make sure that the estimation is based at least this many points.

When for an output pixel, not enough points are found within the specified limiting distance, then the undefined value will be assigned to the output pixel. It is advised to use at least 4 points.

Max nr of points:

For Ordinary Kriging only: type a value for the maximum number of points that should be used by the calculation within each limiting distance (search radius). Limitation: In the dialog box, you cannot specify to use more than 100 valid input points within each limiting distance. This limitation is not present on the command line.

When for an output pixel more points are found within the limiting distance than specified, then only the points nearest to the output pixel will be used in the calculation.

By specifying a rather small maximum, the algorithm may be faster but the estimation quality may be less.

Remove duplicates:

In case of coinciding points, it is advised to always select this check box. Subsequently, select 'Average' or 'First value'.

You can clear this check box when you are sure that you have no coinciding points. If the check box is cleared and any coinciding points, i.e. duplicates, are found, Simple Kriging will fail, while Ordinary Kriging will result in undefined values in the neighbourhood of the coinciding points.

Average:

For points that are less than the specified tolerance distance apart, use the mean value of these points.

First value:

For points that are less than the specified tolerance distance apart, only use the value of the first point encountered.

Tolerance (m):

Type a value (meters) for the tolerance distance: when the distance between two points is smaller than the specified Tolerance, then these points are considered as coinciding points or duplicates (real value > 0).

Use spherical distance:

Select this check box to calculate with spherical distances, i.e. distances are calculated over the sphere using the projection of the coordinate system of the georeference of the output raster map. It is advised to select this option in case your map covers a relatively large area, or when you are working in LatLon coordinates. For more information, see Kriging : functionality.

Clear this check box to calculate with planar (Euclidean) distances.

Output raster map:

Type a name for the output raster map that will contain the Kriging estimates.

Georeference:

Select the name of an existing georeference or create a new georeference.

Value range:

Accept the default value range, or specify your own range of possible values in the output map. It is advisable to make the value range for the output map wider than the input value range; as negative weights may be used, Kriging estimates may be greater or smaller than your original input values. Mind: in case estimates are calculated that fall outside the specified value range, the pixel will be assigned the undefined value.

Precision:

Accept the default precision of output values, or specify your own precision.

Description:

Optionally, type a description for the output map. The description will appear in the status bar of the Main window when moving the mouse pointer over the map in a Catalog, and in the title bar of a map window when the output map is displayed. If no description is supplied, the output map will use its own definition as description.

Error map:

Select this check box when you also want to obtain an error map. The error map will contain the standard error of the estimates, i.e. the square root of the error variance. The name of the error map will be the same as the name specified for the Kriging output map followed by the additional string _Error.